技术学堂
在ansible中，可以通过迭代机制完成重复性操作，将需要迭代的内容定义为item变量，并通过with_items语句指明迭代的元素列表即可。
0x01 with_items
with_items是playbooks中最基本也是最常用的循环语句，使用with_items迭代循环的变量可以是个单纯的列表，也可以是一个较为复杂的数据结果，如字典类型。
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# 普通列表 - hosts: webservice remote_user: root tasks: - name: "Install_Packages" yum: name={{ item }} state=latest with_items: - nginx - php # 数据字典 - hosts: webservice remote_user: root tasks: - name: create_users user: name={{ item.name }} groups={{ item.groups }} state=present with_items: - { name: 'demouser1' , groups : 'demogroup1' } - { name: 'demouser2' , groups : 'demogroup2' } |
0x02 with_nested
with_nested支持多组列表循环。
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- hosts: webservice remote_user: root tasks: - name: mysql_privilegs mysql_user: name={{ item[0] }} priv={{ item[1] }}.*:ALL append_privs=yes password=Password123 with_nested: - [ 'lzl', 'lrx' ] - [ 'nextcloud', 'wordpress', 'dedecms' ] |
0x03 with_dict
with_dict可以遍历更复杂的数据结构。
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# 变量内容 users: lzl: name: Liu Zhilin gender: Male age: 40 lly: name: Liu Liya gender: Famale age: 18 # playbook.yml - hosts: webservice remote_user: root tasks: - name: echo_user_info debug: msg="用户 {{ item.key }} 的信息：\n {{ item.value.name }} ({{ item.value.gender}} {{item.value.age}})" with_dict: "{{ users }}" |
0x04 with_fileglob
with_fileglob遍历目录或文件。
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- hosts: webservice tasks: # 核验目标主机上的目录 - file: dest=/demodir state=directory # 遍历目录并将文件复制到目标主机 - copy: src={{ item }} dest=/demodir/ owner=root mode=755 with_fileglob: - /data/scripts/* |
0x05 with_together
with_together遍历数据并进行集合。
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- hosts: webservers remote_user: root vars: strings: [ 'a','b','c'] numbers: [ 1,2,3 ] tasks: - debug: msg="{{ item.0 }} and {{ item.1 }}" with_together: - "{{ strings }}" - "{{ numbers }}" |
0x06 with_subelements
with_subelements遍历子元素。
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# 变量内容 users: - name: liuzl authorized: - /home/liuzl/id_rsa_1.pub - /home/liuzl/id_rsa_2.pub mysql: password: mysql-password hosts: - "%" - "127.0.0.1" - "::1" - "localhost" privs: - "*.*:SELECT" - "demo_db_1.*:ALL" - name: liurx authorized: - /home/liurx/id_rsa.pub mysql: password: other-mysql-password hosts: - "demo_db_1" privs: - "*.*:SELECT" - "demo_db_2.*:ALL" # playbook.yml - hosts: webservice remote_user: root tasks: - user: name={{ item.name }} state=present generate_ssh_key=yes with_items: "`users`" - authorized_key: "user={{ item.0.name }} key='{{ lookup('file', item.1) }}'" with_subelements: - users - authorized # 遍历嵌套的子列表 - hosts: webservice remote_user: root tasks: - name: mysql_config_privilegs mysql_user: name={{ item.0.user }} password={{ item.0.mysql.password }} host={{ item.1 }} priv={{ item.0.mysql.privs | join('/') }} with_subelements: - users - mysql.hosts |
0x07 with_sequence
with_sequence用于生成一个自增的整数序列，可以指定起始值和结束值，或者指定增长步长，参数形式key=value，format指定输出格式，数字可以是十进制、八进制，十六进制。
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- hosts: webservice remote_user: root tasks: # 准备用户组 - group: name=group1 state=present # 创建用户 - user: name={{ item }} state=present groups=group1 with_sequence: start=0 end=32 format=demouser%02x # 创建目录 - file: dest=/data/{{ item }} state=directory with_sequence: start=4 end=16 stride=2 # 创建用户组 - group: name=group{{ item }} state=present with_sequence: count=4 |
0x08 with_random_choice
with_random_choice从列表中随机取一个值。
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- hosts: webservice remote_user: root tasks: - debug: msg={{ item }} with_random_choice: - "我的选择是1" - "我的选择是2" - "我的选择是3" - "我的选择是4" |
0x09 util循环
重复执行指定动作，当输出内容中包含指定信息的时候停止执行，retries为重试次数，默认值为3次，delay为延时，默认值为5秒。
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- hosts: webservice remote_user: root tasks: - action: shell /usr/bin/netstat -tlnp register: result until: result.stdout.find("443") != -1 retries: 3 delay: 30 |
0x10 循环注册变量
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# 变量内容 { "changed": true, "msg": "完成任务", "results": [ { "changed": true, "cmd": "echo \"demo1\" ", "delta": "0:00:00.003110", "end": "2021-08-04 10:00:05.187153", "invocation": { "module_args": "echo \"demo1\"", "module_name": "shell" }, "item": "demo1", "rc": 0, "start": "2021-08-04 10:00:05.184043", "stderr": "", "stdout": "demo1" }, { "changed": true, "cmd": "echo \"demo2\" ", "delta": "0:00:00.002920", "end": "2021-08-04 10:00:05.245502", "invocation": { "module_args": "echo \"demo2\"", "module_name": "shell" }, "item": "demo2", "rc": 0, "start": "2021-08-04 10:00:05.242582", "stderr": "", "stdout": "demo2" } ] } # playbook.yml - hosts: webservers remote_user: root tasks: - shell: echo "{{ item }}" with_items: - demo1 - demo2 register: echo - debug: msg="{{ echo }}" - name: return_code_not_zero fail: msg="命令 {{ item.cmd }} 执行结果返回０" when: item.rc != 0 with_items: "{{ echo.results }}" |
原创文章禁止转载：技术学堂 » Ansible自动化运维之Playbook循环迭代
